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='''Draft tube'''=
{{AC|front=AC 6-07|description=Description_AC6-07|testdata=test_Case_AC6-07|cfdsimulations=AC 6-07 CFD Simulations|evaluation=AC 6-07 Evaluation|qualityreview=AC 6-07 Quality Review|bestpractice=AC 6-07 Best Practice Advice|relatedUFRs=AC 6-07 Related ACs}}


'''Application Challenge 6-07'''              © copyright ERCOFTAC 2004


{{Status|checked=no|by= |date= }}




=='''Overview of Tests'''==


The data bank consists of data for two main cases. The first case is on-cam i.e. the top-point (T) on the propeller curve (single runner blade angle curve). The second case is off-cam i.e. the right-leg (R) on the propeller curve. Both are conducted at 60 % load, which is close to the best efficiency for the system, and at the same test head (H = 4.5 m).
= Draft tube =


The measurements were carried out during a period of five years. The model broke during this period and it was not possible to exactly repeat the same conditions after the accident. Therefore the data has been divided into before (r) and after (n), e.g. T(r) in the text (or Tr in file names) refers to the early Case T measurements. A more thorough discussion, that describes the different operational modes, can be found in Andersson (2003a). The (r)-measurements were used as initial conditions for both Turbine 99-workshops, while (n)-measurements are more complete with data at outlet section II and III.
'''Application Challenge 6-07''' <font size="-2" color="#888888">               © copyright ERCOFTAC 2004</font>


The exact settings of the runner speed, N, and the resulting flow, Q, (i.e. PDPs) and the corresponding unit speeds, N11 and Q11 (i.e. GNDPs), are shown in Table EXP-A. In Figure 2.1 one can see an overview of the relation between the operational modes.




[[Image:Image596.jpg]]
= Test Data =


== Overview of Tests ==


Figure 2.1. Sketch of the propeller curve and location of the test cases.
The data bank consists of data for two main cases. The first case is on-cam i.e. the top-point (T) on the propeller curve (single runner blade angle curve). The second case is off-cam i.e. the right-leg (R) on the propeller curve. Both are conducted at 60 % load, which is close to the best efficiency for the system, and at the same test head (H = 4.5 m).
 
The measurements were carried out during a period of five years. The model broke during this period and it was not possible to exactly repeat the same conditions after the accident. Therefore the data has been divided into before (r) and after (n), e.g. T(r) in the text (or Tr in file names) refers to the early Case T measurements. A more thorough discussion, that describes the different operational modes, can be found in Andersson (2003a). The (r)-measurements were used as initial conditions for both Turbine 99-workshops, while (n)-measurements are more complete with data at outlet section II and III.
 
The exact settings of the runner speed, N, and the resulting flow, Q, (i.e. PDPs) and the corresponding unit speeds, N<sub>11</sub> and Q<sub>11</sub> (i.e. GNDPs), are shown in Table EXP-A. In Figure 2.1 one can see an overview of the relation between the operational modes.
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{|align="center"
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|align="center"|'''Figure 2.1:''' Sketch of the propeller curve and location of the test cases.
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The flow of the draft tube has been studied with visualisations to get an overview of the main flow regimes. LDV has been used at a number of cross sections for velocity measurements. Wall pressure measurements has been performed to evaluate the performance of the draft tube. Figure 1.3 and 1.4 gives a description of the geometric location of each type of measurement. The available data has been listed in Table EXP-B.
The flow of the draft tube has been studied with visualisations to get an overview of the main flow regimes. LDV has been used at a number of cross sections for velocity measurements. Wall pressure measurements has been performed to evaluate the performance of the draft tube. Figure 1.3 and 1.4 gives a description of the geometric location of each type of measurement. The available data has been listed in Table EXP-B.
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{| style="margin-left: -12.6pt; border-collapse: collapse; border: none" border="1"
{|border="1" align="center" width="700"
|- style="height: 17.25pt"
|+ align="bottom"|<b>Table EXP-A Summary Description of All Test Cases</b>
| style="width: 81.0pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; background: white; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 17.25pt" width="108" valign="top" |
!align="center"|Name
''NAME''
!align="center" colspan="3"|[[DOAPs#GNDPs:_Governing_Non-Dimensional_Parameters|GNDPs]]
| style="width: 171.0pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; background: white; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 17.25pt" colspan="3" width="228" valign="top" |
!align="center" colspan="3"|[[DOAPs#PDPs:_Problem_Definition_Parameters|PDPs]]
<center>''GNDPs''</center>
!align="center" colspan="2"|[[DOAPs#MPs:_Measured_Parameters|MPs]]
| style="width: 189.0pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; background: white; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 17.25pt" colspan="3" width="252" valign="top" |
<center>''PDPs (problem definition parameters)''</center>
| style="width: 171.0pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; background: white; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 17.25pt" colspan="2" width="228" valign="top" |
<center>''MPs (measured parameters)''</center>
|- style="height: 17.25pt"
| style="width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; background: #F2F2F2; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 17.25pt" width="84" valign="top" |
<center>N<sub>11</sub></center><center>(<font face="Symbol">Ö</font>m/60s)</center>
| style="width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; background: #F2F2F2; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 17.25pt" width="84" valign="top" |
<center>Q<sub>11</sub></center><center>(<font face="Symbol">Ö</font>m/s)</center>
| style="width: 45.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; background: #F2F2F2; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 17.25pt" width="60" valign="top" |
<center>Re<sub>H</sub></center><center>(10<sup>-6</sup>)</center>
| style="width: 54.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; background: #F2F2F2; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 17.25pt" width="72" valign="top" |
<center>Head (m)</center>
| style="width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; background: #F2F2F2; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 17.25pt" width="84" valign="top" |
<center>Flow rate (m<sup>3</sup>/s)</center>
| style="width: 72.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; background: #F2F2F2; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 17.25pt" width="96" valign="top" |
<center>Runner speed (rpm)</center>
| style="width: 72.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; background: #F2F2F2; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 17.25pt" width="96" valign="top" |
<center>Detailed data</center>
| style="width: 99.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; background: #F2F2F2; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 17.25pt" width="132" valign="top" |
<center>[../../help/glossary.htm DOAP]s</center>
|-
|-
| style="width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-bottom: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; background: #F2F2F2; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="108" valign="top" |
|||align="center"|N<sub>11</sub>
'''EXP 1a'''(T(r)-case)
(&radic;m/60s)
| style="width: 63.0pt; border: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="84" |
|align="center"|Q<sub>11</sub>
<center>140.4</center>
(&radic;m/s)
| style="width: 63.0pt; border: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="84" |
|align="center"|Re<sub>H</sub>
<center>1.00</center>
(10<sup>-6</sup>)
| style="width: 45.0pt; border: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="60" |
|align="center"|Head
<center>4.1</center>
(m)
| style="width: 54.0pt; border: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="72" |
|align="center"|Flow rate
<center>4.5</center>
(m<sup>3</sup>/s)
| style="width: 63.0pt; border: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="84" |
|align="center"|Runner speed
<center>0.528</center>
(rpm)
| style="width: 72.0pt; border: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="96" |
|align="center"|Detailed Data
<center>595 </center>
|align="center"|[[DOAPs#DOAPs:_Design_or_Assessment_Parameters|DOAPs]]
| style="width: 72.0pt; border: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="96" |
<center>Cp, U, V, k</center>
| style="width: 99.0pt; border: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="132" |
<center><font face="Symbol">a</font>, <font face="Symbol">b</font>, S</center>
|-
|-
| style="width: 81.0pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-bottom: none; background: #F2F2F2; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="108" valign="top" |
|align="center"|<b>EXP 1a</b>
'''EXP 1b'''(T(n)-case)
(T(r) - case)
| style="width: 63.0pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="84" |
|align="center"|140.4||align="center"|1.00||align="center"|4.1||align="center"|4.5
<center>140.4</center>
|align="center"|0.528||align="center"|595||align="center"|''Cp'', ''U'', ''v'', ''k''
| style="width: 63.0pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="84" |
|align="center"|''&alpha;'', ''&beta;'', ''S''
<center>0.98</center>
| style="width: 45.0pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="60" |
<center>4.1</center>
| style="width: 54.0pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="72" |
<center>4.5</center>
| style="width: 63.0pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="84" |
<center>0.522</center>
| style="width: 72.0pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="96" |
<center>595 </center>
| style="width: 72.0pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="96" |
<center>Cp, U, V, k</center>
| style="width: 99.0pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="132" |
<center>Cp<sub>r wall</sub>, Cp<sub>r average </sub><font face="Symbol">z, </font><font face="Symbol">a</font>, <font face="Symbol">b</font>, S</center>
|-
|-
| style="width: 81.0pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; background: #F2F2F2; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="108" valign="top" |
|align="center"|<b>EXP 1b</b>
'''EXP 2a'''(R(r)-case)
(T(n) - case)
| style="width: 63.0pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="84" |
|align="center"|140.4||align="center"|0.98||align="center"|4.1||align="center"|4.5
<center>140.4</center>
|align="center"|0.522||align="center"|595||align="center"|''Cp'', ''U'', ''v'', ''k''
| style="width: 63.0pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="84" |
|align="center"|''Cp<sub>r&nbsp;wall</sub>''&nbsp;''Cp<sub>r&nbsp;average</sub>''
<center>1.03</center>
''&zeta;'', ''&alpha;'', ''&beta;'', ''S''
| style="width: 45.0pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="60" |
<center>4.1</center>
| style="width: 54.0pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="72" |
<center>4.5</center>
| style="width: 63.0pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="84" |
<center>0.548</center>
| style="width: 72.0pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="96" |
<center>595</center>
| style="width: 72.0pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="96" |
<center>Cp, U,V, k</center>
| style="width: 99.0pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="132" |
<center><font face="Symbol">a</font>, <font face="Symbol">b</font>, S</center>
|-
|-
| style="width: 81.0pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; background: #F2F2F2; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="108" valign="top" |
|align="center"|<b>EXP 2a</b>
'''EXP 2b'''(R(n)-case)
(R(r) - case)
| style="width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="84" |
|align="center"|140.4||align="center"|1.03||align="center"|4.1||align="center"|4.5
<center>140.4</center>
|align="center"|0.548||align="center"|595||align="center"|''Cp'', ''U'', ''v'', ''k''
| style="width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="84" |
|align="center"|''&alpha;'', ''&beta;'', ''S''
<center>1.02</center>
|-
| style="width: 45.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="60" |
|align="center"|<b>EXP 2b</b>
<center>4.1</center>
(R(n) - case)
| style="width: 54.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="72" |
|align="center"|140.4||align="center"|1.02||align="center"|4.1||align="center"|4.5
<center>4.5</center>
|align="center"|0.542||align="center"|595||align="center"|''Cp'', ''U'', ''v'', ''k''
| style="width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="84" |
|align="center"|''Cp<sub>r&nbsp;wall</sub>''&nbsp;''Cp<sub>r&nbsp;average</sub>''
<center>0.542</center>
''&zeta;'', ''&alpha;'', ''&beta;'', ''S''
| style="width: 72.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="96" |
<center>595</center>
| style="width: 72.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="96" |
<center>Cp, U,V, k</center>
| style="width: 99.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" width="132" |
<center>Cp<sub>r wall</sub>, Cp<sub>r average </sub><font face="Symbol">z, </font><font face="Symbol">a</font>, <font face="Symbol">b</font>, S</center>
|}
|}




Table EXP-A Summary description of all test cases




Section Ia


profiles 1 2 3
{|align="center" border="1" width="750"
|+ align="bottom"|<b>Table EXP-B Summary Description of all Measured Parameters and Available Data Files
 
!!!align="center" colspan="2"|Section Ia
Section Ib
Profiles 1 2 3
!align="center"|Section Ib
 
!align="center"|Section II
Section II
!align="center" width="150"|Section III
|-
 
|||align="center"|''U'' ''V'' ''u'' &prime; ''v'' &prime;
Section III
|align="center"|''C<sub>p</sub>'' ''C<sub>p'' dyn</sub>
|align="center"|''U'' ''V'' ''u'' &prime; ''v'' &prime;
 
|align="center"|''U'' ''V'' ''u'' &prime; ''v'' &prime;
|align="center"|''U'' ''V'' ''u'' &prime; ''v'' &prime;
 
|-
U V u’ v’
!align="center" rowspan="2"|EXP 1a
|align="center"|[[Image:tick.gif]] [[media:AC6-07_Trla1.dat|TrIa1.dat]]
 
|align="center" rowspan="2"|[[Image:cross.gif]]
Cp Cp dyn
|align="center" rowspan="2"|[[Image:tick.gif]] [[media:AC6-07_Trlb.dat|TrIb.dat]]
|align="center" rowspan="2"|[[Image:cross.gif]]
 
|align="center" rowspan="2"|[[Image:cross.gif]]
U V u’ v’
|-
|align="center"|[[Image:tick.gif]] [[media:AC6-07_Trla2.dat|TrIa2.dat]]
 
|-
U V u’ v’
!align="center"|EXP 1b
|align="center"|[[Image:tick.gif]] [[media:AC6-07_Tnla1.dat|TnIa1.dat]]
 
|align="center"|[[Image:tick.gif]] [[media:AC6-07_Tnla3.dat|TnIa3.dat]]
U V u’ v’
|align="center"|[[Image:tick.gif]] [[media:AC6-07_Tnlb.dat|TnIb.dat]]
|align="center"|[[Image:tick.gif]] [[media:AC6-07_Tnll.dat|TnII.dat]]
 
|align="center"|[[Image:tick.gif]] [[media:AC6-07_Tnlll.dat|TnIII.dat]]
|-
 
!align="center" rowspan="2"|EXP 2a
EXP 1a
|align="center"|[[Image:tick.gif]] [[media:AC6-07_RrIa1.dat|RrIa1.dat]]
|align="center" rowspan="2"|[[Image:cross.gif]]
 
|align="center" rowspan="2"|[[Image:tick.gif]] [[media:AC6-07_RrIb.dat|RrIb.dat]]
TrIa1.dat
|align="center" rowspan="2"|[[Image:cross.gif]]
 
|align="center" rowspan="2"|[[Image:cross.gif]]
TrIa2.dat
|-
|align="center"|[[Image:tick.gif]] [[media:AC6-07_RrIa2.dat|RrIa2.dat]]
 
|-
!align="center"|EXP 2b
 
|align="center"|[[Image:tick.gif]] [[media:AC6-07_Rnla1.dat|RnIa1.dat]]
TrIb.dat
|align="center"|[[Image:tick.gif]] [[media:AC6-07_Rnla3.dat|RnIa3.dat]]
|align="center"|[[Image:tick.gif]] [[media:AC6-07_Rnlb.dat|RnIb.dat]]
 
|align="center"|[[Image:tick.gif]] [[media:AC6-07_Rnll.dat|RnII.dat]]
|align="center"|[[Image:cross.gif]]
 
|-
!!!align="center"|Section Ia W
 
!align="center"|Section IVb W
!align="center"|Upper Centre Line
 
!align="center"|Lower Centre Line
EXP 1b
!align="center"|DOAPS, or other miscellaneous data
|-
 
|||align="center"|''C<sub>p</sub>''
TnIa1.dat
|align="center"|''C<sub>p</sub>''
|align="center"|''C<sub>p</sub>''
 
|align="center"|''C<sub>p</sub>''
TnIa3.dat
|
|-
 
!align="center"|EXP 1a
TnIb.dat
|align="center"|[[Image:cross.gif]]
|align="center"|[[Image:tick.gif]] [[media:AC6-07_TrlVb.dat|TrIVb.dat]]
 
|align="center"|[[Image:cross.gif]]
TnII.dat
|align="center"|[[Image:cross.gif]]
|align="center"|[[Image:tick.gif]] [[media:AC6-07_TrDOAP.dat|TrDOAP.dat]]
 
|-
TnIII.dat
!align="center"|EXP 1b
|align="center"|[[Image:tick.gif]] [[media:AC6-07_TnlaW.dat|TnIaW.dat]]
 
|align="center"|[[Image:cross.gif]]
|align="center"|[[Image:tick.gif]] [[media:AC6-07_TnUcl.dat|TnUcl.dat]]
 
|align="center"|[[Image:tick.gif]] [[media:AC6-07_TnLcl.dat|TnLcl.dat]]
EXP 2a
|align="center"|[[Image:tick.gif]] [[media:AC6-07_TnDOAP.dat|TnDOAP.dat]]
|-
 
!align="center"|EXP 2a
RrIa1.dat
|align="center"|[[Image:cross.gif]]
 
|align="center"|[[Image:tick.gif]] [[media:AC6-07_RrIVb.dat|RrIVb.dat]]
RrIa2.dat
|align="center"|[[Image:cross.gif]]
|align="center"|[[Image:cross.gif]]
 
|align="center"|[[Image:tick.gif]] [[media:AC6-07_RrDOAP.dat|RrDOAP.dat]]
|-
 
!align="center"|EXP 2b
RrIb.dat
|align="center"|[[Image:cross.gif]]
|align="center"|[[Image:cross.gif]]
 
|align="center"|[[Image:tick.gif]] [[media:AC6-07_RnUcl.dat|RnUcl.dat]]
|align="center"|[[Image:tick.gif]] [[media:AC6-07_RnLcl.dat|RnLcl.dat]]
 
|align="center"|[[Image:tick.gif]] [[media:AC6-07_RnDOAP.dat|RnDOAP.dat]]
|}
 
 
EXP 2b
 
RnIa1.dat
 
RnIa3.dat
 
RnIb.dat


RnII.dat


[[Image:tick.gif]] available data


[[Image:cross.gif]] unavailable data


== Test case DATA ==


=== Description of Experiment ===
 
Section Ia W
 
 
Section IVb W
 
Upper centre line
 
Lower centre line
 
DOAPs, or other miscellaneous data
 
 
Cp
 
Cp
 
Cp
 
Cp
 
 
 
EXP 1a
 
 
TrIVb.dat
 
 
 
DOAP.dat">TrDOAP.dat
 
 
EXP 1b
 
TnIaW.dat
 
 
TnUcl.dat
 
TnLcl.dat
 
DOAP.dat">TnDOAP.dat
 
 
EXP 2a
 
 
RrIVb.dat
 
 
 
DOAP.dat">RrDOAP.dat
 
 
EXP 2b
 
 
 
RnUcl.dat
 
RnLcl.dat
 
DOAP.dat">RnDOAP.dat
 
Table EXP-B Summary description of all measured parameters and available data files
 
available data
 
unavailable data
© ERCOFTAC 2004
Test case DATA
© ERCOFTAC 2004
Description of Experiment


Case T and R are a collection of all experimental data, collected at each operational mode. The setting of GNDPs and PDPs can be found in Table EXP-A for each case. In section 1.4 a description of the geometric location of each type of measurement is given.
Case T and R are a collection of all experimental data, collected at each operational mode. The setting of GNDPs and PDPs can be found in Table EXP-A for each case. In section 1.4 a description of the geometric location of each type of measurement is given.


This paragraph is followed by a brief description of the available boundary conditions, a presentation of typical measurement errors at each section. After that follows a listing of available data files, first for Case T and second for Case R.
This paragraph is followed by a brief description of the available boundary conditions, a presentation of typical measurement errors at each section. After that follows a listing of available data files, first for Case T and second for Case R.
© ERCOFTAC 2004
 
Boundary Data
=== Boundary Data ===


The velocity measurements at section Ia serve as inlet conditions for the draft tube. These include the axial and the tangential mean and RMS velocity components. However, the radial velocity component is missing. More details can be found Gebart, Gustavsson and Karlsson (2000).
The velocity measurements at section Ia serve as inlet conditions for the draft tube. These include the axial and the tangential mean and RMS velocity components. However, the radial velocity component is missing. More details can be found Gebart, Gustavsson and Karlsson (2000).


The model walls are painted steel surfaces and the surface roughness is estimated to be in the order of 10 mm, therefore the walls can be considered to be hydraulically smooth with the typical velocities in the experiment. Between model parts there can be discontinuities and weld seams that can cause local losses.
The model walls are painted steel surfaces and the surface roughness is estimated to be in the order of 10 &mu;m, therefore the walls can be considered to be hydraulically smooth with the typical velocities in the experiment. Between model parts there can be discontinuities and weld seams that can cause local losses.


In Andersson (2003c) additional information e.g. about periodic behaviour at the inlet can be found. Also see section 3.2.3. regarding assumptions and settings used and recommended for CFD calculations.
In Andersson (2003c) additional information e.g. about periodic behaviour at the inlet can be found. Also see section 3.2.3. regarding assumptions and settings used and recommended for CFD calculations.
© ERCOFTAC 2004
 
Measurement Errors
=== Measurement Errors ===


In Andersson and Karlsson (1999) a thorough discussion of the quality of the experimental data can be found. Typical results from the evaluation can be seen in Table 1 and 2 (for case T). There is no major difference between case T and R. These are averaged values. The individual error estimation for each raw data value can be found in the supplied raw data files.
In Andersson and Karlsson (1999) a thorough discussion of the quality of the experimental data can be found. Typical results from the evaluation can be seen in Table 1 and 2 (for case T). There is no major difference between case T and R. These are averaged values. The individual error estimation for each raw data value can be found in the supplied raw data files.


Table 2.1. The relative errors (%) in axial / tangential (or horizontal) mean velocity.
<div><center>
 
{| style="margin-left: -26.1pt; border-collapse: collapse; border: none" border="1"
|+ '''Table 2.1:''' The relative errors (%) in axial / tangential (or horizontal) mean velocity.
| style="width: 65.85pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt" width="88" valign="top" |


| style="width: 65.85pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt" width="88" valign="top" |
C.s. Ia
C.s. Ia
| style="width: 65.85pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt" width="88" valign="top" |
 
C.s. Ib
C.s. Ib
| style="width: 65.85pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt" width="88" valign="top" |
 
C.s. III
C.s. III
 
|-
| style="width: 65.85pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt" width="88" valign="top" |
Random error
Random error
| style="width: 65.85pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt" width="88" valign="top" |
 
&plusmn; 2.0 % / &plusmn; 3.5 %
± 2.0 % / ± 3.5 %
| style="width: 65.85pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt" width="88" valign="top" |
&plusmn; 2.0 % / &plusmn; 3.5 %
 
| style="width: 65.85pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt" width="88" valign="top" |
± 2.0 % / ± 3.5 %
&plusmn; 3.0 % / &plusmn; 5.0 %
|-
 
| style="width: 65.85pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt" width="88" valign="top" |
± 3.0 % / ± 5.0 %
 
Velocity bias
Velocity bias


(axial component)
(axial component)
| style="width: 65.85pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt" width="88" valign="top" |
 
&lt; +0.9 %
< +0.9 %
| style="width: 65.85pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt" width="88" valign="top" |
&lt; + 1.4 %
 
| style="width: 65.85pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt" width="88" valign="top" |
< + 1.4 %
&lt; + 3.6 %
|-
 
| style="width: 65.85pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt" width="88" valign="top" |
< + 3.6 %
 
Probe volume location
Probe volume location
| style="width: 65.85pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt" width="88" valign="top" |
&plusmn; 1 % / &plusmn; 1-2 %
| style="width: 65.85pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt" width="88" valign="top" |
&plusmn; 0.5 % /


± 1 % / ± 1-2 %
&plusmn; 0.5-5%
| style="width: 65.85pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt" width="88" valign="top" |
 
&plusmn; 0.25 % /
± 0.5 % /
 
± 0.5-5%
 
± 0.25 % /
 
± 0.25 %


&plusmn; 0.25 %
|-
| style="width: 65.85pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt" width="88" valign="top" |
Leakage
Leakage
| style="width: 65.85pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt" width="88" valign="top" |
 
- 2 %
- 2 %
| style="width: 65.85pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt" width="88" valign="top" |
 
-
-
| style="width: 65.85pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt" width="88" valign="top" |
 
-
-
 
|-
| style="width: 65.85pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt" width="88" valign="top" |
Symmetry
Symmetry
| style="width: 65.85pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt" width="88" valign="top" |
 
&plusmn; 1 % / &plusmn; 1.25 %
± 1 % / ± 1.25 %
| style="width: 65.85pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt" width="88" valign="top" |
&plusmn; 2 % / &plusmn; 2.5 %
 
| style="width: 65.85pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt" width="88" valign="top" |
± 2 % / ± 2.5 %
 
-
-
 
|-
| style="width: 65.85pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt" width="88" valign="top" |
Total error
Total error


Line 461: Line 275:


tangential
tangential
| style="width: 65.85pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt" width="88" valign="top" |
<center>x<sub>1</sub> &lt; ε &lt; x<sub>2</sub></center>


x1 < ε < x2
<center>- 4.1 % +1.3 %</center>


- 4.1 % +1.3 %
<center>- 5.2 % + 3.1 %</center>
| style="width: 65.85pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt" width="88" valign="top" |
<center>x<sub>1</sub> &lt; ε &lt; x<sub>2</sub></center>


- 5.2 % + 3.1 %
<center>- 2.0 % + 4.3 %</center>


x1 < ε < x2
<center>&gt;-5.9 % &lt;+7.9 %</center>
| style="width: 65.85pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt" width="88" valign="top" |
<center>x<sub>1</sub> &lt; ε &lt; x<sub>2</sub></center>


- 2.0 % + 4.3 %
<center>- 1.5 % + 6.6 %</center>


>-5.9 % <+7.9 %
<center>- 3.5 % + 8.6 %</center>
|}
 
x1 < ε < x2
 
- 1.5 % + 6.6 %


- 3.5 % + 8.6 %
</div>






Table 2.2. Test of internal concistency (Q_int is the flow rate integrated from velocity measurements)
<div><center>


{| style="margin-left: -104.8pt; border-collapse: collapse; border: none" border="1"
|+ '''Table 2.2:''' Test of internal consistency (Q_int is the flow rate integrated from velocity measurements)
| style="border: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm" width="91" height="33" |


| style="width: 62.0pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt" colspan="3" height="33" valign="top" |
C.s. Ia *
C.s. Ia *
| style="width: 49.6pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt" colspan="2" height="33" valign="top" |
 
C.s. Ib
C.s. Ib
| style="width: 49.6pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt" colspan="2" height="33" valign="top" |
 
C.s. III
C.s. III
 
|-
| style="width: 62.0pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt" colspan="2" height="25" valign="top" |
Umean [m/s]
Umean [m/s]
| style="width: 49.6pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt" width="74" height="25" valign="top" |
 
3.54
3.54
| style="width: 49.6pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt" colspan="2" height="25" valign="top" |
 
2.44
2.44
| style="width: 49.6pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt" colspan="2" height="25" valign="top" |
 
1.01
1.01
| style="border: none; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm" height="25" |
 


|-
| style="width: 62.0pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt" colspan="2" height="22" valign="top" |
Vmean [m/s]
Vmean [m/s]
| style="width: 49.6pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt" width="74" height="22" valign="top" |
 
0.82
0.82
| style="width: 49.6pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt" colspan="2" height="22" valign="top" |
 
0.69
0.69
| style="width: 49.6pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt" colspan="2" height="22" valign="top" |
 
0.08
0.08
| style="border: none; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm" height="22" |
 


|-
| style="width: 62.0pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt" colspan="2" height="38" valign="top" |
Q_int/Q [ ]
Q_int/Q [ ]
| style="width: 49.6pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt" width="74" height="38" valign="top" |
 
0.97
0.97
| style="width: 49.6pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt" colspan="2" height="38" valign="top" |
1.03
| style="width: 49.6pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt" colspan="2" height="38" valign="top" |
1.00
| style="border: none; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm" height="38" |


1.03
|-
| style="border: none" width="91" height="2" |
| style="border: none" width="1" height="2" |
| style="border: none" width="74" height="2" |
| style="border: none" height="2" |
| style="border: none" width="67" height="2" |
| style="border: none" height="2" |
| style="border: none" width="74" height="2" |
| style="border: none" height="2" |
|}


1.00
</center></div>


<center><nowiki>* mean values for the two measured cross sections</nowiki></center>


* mean values for the two measured cross sections
<center> </center>


=== Measured Data ===
© ERCOFTAC 2004
Measured Data


The raw data files (*.dat, see below) are stored in ASCII-format. If nothing else is specified the format of the files used, is:
The raw data files (*.dat, see below) are stored in ASCII-format. If nothing else is specified the format of the files used, is:
Line 563: Line 377:
Derived data:
Derived data:


DOAP:s calculated at available cross sections for case T(r).
[[DOAP]]s calculated at available cross sections for case T(r):
[[media:AC6-07_TrDOAP.dat|TrDOAP.dat]]


DOAP.dat">TrDOAP.dat
[[DOAP]]s calculated at available cross sections for case T(n):
[[media:AC6-07_TnDOAP.dat|TnDOAP.dat]]


DOAP:s calculated at available cross sections for case T(n).
====Visualisations====
 
DOAP.dat">TnDOAP.dat
 
Visualisations:


A number of pictures that describes the flow for Case T. The visualisations have focused on the streamlines close to the wall.
A number of pictures that describes the flow for Case T. The visualisations have focused on the streamlines close to the wall.
Line 577: Line 389:
The pictures are stored in jpeg-format.
The pictures are stored in jpeg-format.


Figure 2.2. Streamlines close to the wall at the inlet cone.
{|align="center" width=400px
|align="center"|[[Image:A6-07d30_files_image051.jpg]]
|-
|'''Figure 2.2:''' Streamlines close to the wall at the inlet cone.  
|}




A. Left view B. Top view
{|align="center" width=500px
 
|-
C. Right view D. Down stream view (c.s. III)
|'''A. Left view'''||'''B. Top view'''
 
|-
|[[Image:A6-07d30_files_image053.jpg]]||[[Image:A6-07d30_files_image055.jpg]]
|-
|'''C. Right view'''||'''D. Downstream view (c.s. III)'''
|-
|[[Image:A6-07d30_files_image057.jpg]]||[[Image:A6-07d30_files_image059.jpg]]
|-
|colspan=2 width=500px|'''Figure 2.3:''' Streamlines close to the surface at the elbow and outlet diffuser.
|}


Figure 2.3. Streamlines close to the surface at the elbow and outlet diffuser.


Velocity and pressure measurements:
Velocity and pressure measurements:
Line 593: Line 414:
Section Ia
Section Ia


Figure 2.4. The normalised mean velocity components at profile Ia(1).
{|align="center"
|[[Image:A6-07d30_files_image061.jpg]]
|-
|width=360px|'''Figure 2.4:''' The normalised mean velocity components at profile Ia(1).  
|}


Normalised axial and tangential velocity measurements at cross section Ia,
Normalised axial and tangential velocity measurements at cross section Ia, <br /> along profile 1 (-10&deg;), for Case T(r). (See Figure 1.5).
along profile 1 (-10°), for Case T(r). (See Figure 1.5).


TrIa1.dat
[[media:AC6-07_Trla1.dat|TrIa1.dat]]


Normalised axial and tangential velocity measurements at cross section Ia,
Normalised axial and tangential velocity measurements at cross section Ia, <br /> along profile 2 (180&deg;), for Case T(r). (See Figure 1.5).
along profile 2 (180°), for Case T(r). (See Figure 1.5).


TrIa2.dat
[[media:AC6-07_Trla2.dat|TrIa2.dat]]


Normalised axial and tangential velocity and pressure measurements
Normalised axial and tangential velocity and pressure measurements <br /> at cross section Ia, along profile 1 (-10&deg;), for Case T(n). (See Figure 1.5).
at cross section Ia, along profile 1 (-10°), for Case T(n). (See Figure 1.5).


TnIa1.dat
[[media:AC6-07_Tnla1.dat|TnIa1.dat]]


Normalised static and dynamic pressure measurements at cross section Ia,
Normalised static and dynamic pressure measurements at cross section Ia, <br /> along profile 3 ( -80&deg;), for Case T(n). (See Figure 1.5).
along profile 3 ( -80°), for Case T(n). (See Figure 1.5).


TnIa3.dat
[[media:AC6-07_Tnla3.dat|TnIa3.dat]]


Normalised wall pressure measurements at cross section Ia,
Normalised wall pressure measurements at cross section Ia, <br /> for Case T(n). (See Figure 1.5).
for Case T(n). (See Figure 1.5).


TnIaW.dat
[[media:AC6-07_TnlaW.dat|TnIaW.dat]]


<u> </u>


Section Ib
Section Ib


Normalised axial and tangential velocity and pressure measurements
Normalised axial and tangential velocity and pressure measurements <br /> at cross section Ib, along profile 1 (-80&deg;), for Case T(r). (See Figure 1.5).
at cross section Ib, along profile 1 (-80°), for Case T(r). (See Figure 1.5).


TrIb.dat
[[media:AC6-07_Trlb.dat|TrIb.dat]]


Normalised axial and tangential velocity and pressure measurements
Normalised axial and tangential velocity and pressure measurements <br /> at cross section Ib, along profile 1 (-80&deg;), for Case T(n). (See Figure 1.5).
at cross section Ib, along profile 1 (-80°), for Case T(n). (See Figure 1.5).


TnIb.dat
[[media:AC6-07_Tnlb.dat|TnIb.dat]]


<u> </u>


Section II
Section II


Figure 2.5. The axial (contours) and horizontal (vectors) velocity components at c.s. II (down stream view).
{|align="center"
|[[Image:A6-07d30_files_image063.jpg]]
|-
|width=360px|'''Figure 2.5:''' The axial (contours) and horizontal (vectors) velocity components at c.s. II (down stream view).  
|}


Normalised axial and tangential velocity and pressure measurements <br /> at cross section II for Case T(n). (See Figure 1.4).


Normalised axial and tangential velocity and pressure measurements
[[media:AC6-07_Tnll.dat|TnII.dat]]
at cross section II for Case T(n). (See Figure 1.4).


TnII.dat
<u> </u>
 


Section III
Section III


Normalised axial and tangential velocity and pressure measurements
Normalised axial and tangential velocity and pressure measurements <br /> at cross section III, for Case T(n). (See Figure 1.4).
at cross section III, for Case T(n). (See Figure 1.4).


TnIII.dat
[[media:AC6-07_Tnlll.dat|TnIII.dat]]


<u> </u>


Section IVb
Section IVb


Normalised wall pressure measurements at cross section IVb, for Case T(r).
Normalised wall pressure measurements at cross section IVb, for Case T(r). <br />(See Figure 1.4).
(See Figure 1.4).


TrIVb.dat
[[media:AC6-07_TrlVb.dat|TrIVb.dat]]


<u> </u>


Centrelines
Centrelines


Normalised wall pressure measurements along the upper centre line,
Normalised wall pressure measurements along the upper centre line, <br /> for Case T(n). (See Figure 1.7).
for Case T(n). (See Figure 1.7).


TnUcl.dat
[[media:AC6-07_TnUcl.dat|TnUcl.dat]]


Normalised wall pressure measurements along the lower centre line,
Normalised wall pressure measurements along the lower centre line, <br /> for Case T(n). (See Figure 1.7).
for Case T(n). (See Figure 1.7).


TnLcl.dat
[[media:AC6-07_TnLcl.dat|TnLcl.dat]]


Exp 2a and 2b Case R
Exp 2a and 2b Case R
Line 683: Line 498:
Derived data:
Derived data:


DOAP:s calculated at available cross sections for case R(r).
[[DOAP]]s calculated at available cross sections for case R(r).


DOAP.dat">RrDOAP.dat
[[media:AC6-07_RrDOAP.dat|RrDOAP.dat]]


DOAP:s calculated at available cross sections for case R(n).
[[DOAP]]s calculated at available cross sections for case R(n).


DOAP.dat">RnDOAP.dat
[[media:AC6-07_RnDOAP.dat|RnDOAP.dat]]


Visualisations:
Visualisations:


A number of pictures that describes the flow for Case R. The visualisations have focused on the streamlines close to the wall.
A number of pictures that describe the flow for Case R. The visualisations have focused on the streamlines close to the wall.


The pictures are stored in jpeg-format.
The pictures are stored in jpeg-format.


Figure 2.6. Streamlines close to the wall at the inlet cone.


A. Left view B. Top view
{|align="center" width=400px
|align="center"|[[Image:A6-07d30_files_image065.jpg]]
|-
|'''Figure 2.6:''' Streamlines close to the wall at the inlet cone.
|}


C. Right view D. Down stream view (c.s. III)


Figure 2.7. Surface streamlines at the elbow and the first part of outlet diffuser.
{|align="center" width=550px
|-
|'''A. Left view'''||'''B. Top view'''
|-
|[[Image:A6-07d30_files_image067.jpg]]||[[Image:A6-07d30_files_image069.jpg]]
|-
|'''C. Right view'''||'''D. Downstream view (c.s. III)'''
|-
|[[Image:A6-07d30_files_image071.jpg]]||[[Image:A6-07d30_files_image073.jpg]]
|-
|colspan=2 width=500px|'''Figure 2.7:''' Surface streamlines at the elbow and the first part of outlet diffuser.  
|}


Velocity and pressure measurements:
Velocity and pressure measurements:
Line 709: Line 537:
Section Ia
Section Ia


Figure 2.8. The normalised mean velocity components at profile Ia(1).
{|align="center"
|[[Image:A6-07d30_files_image075.jpg]]
|-
|width=360px|'''Figure 2.8:''' The normalised mean velocity components at profile Ia(1).  
|}
 




Normalised axial and tangential velocity measurements at cross section Ia,
Normalised axial and tangential velocity measurements at cross section Ia, <br /> along profile 1 (-10&deg;), for Case R(r). (See Figure 1.5).
along profile 1 (-10°), for Case R(r). (See Figure 1.5).


RrIa1.dat
[[media:AC6-07_RrIa1.dat|RrIa1.dat]]


Normalised axial and tangential velocity measurements at cross section Ia,
Normalised axial and tangential velocity measurements at cross section Ia, <br /> along profile 2 (180&deg;), for Case R(r). (See Figure 1.5).
along profile 2 (180°), for Case R(r). (See Figure 1.5).


RrIa2.dat
[[media:AC6-07_RrIa2.dat|RrIa2.dat]]


Normalised axial and tangential velocity measurements at cross section Ia,
Normalised axial and tangential velocity measurements at cross section Ia, <br /> along profile 1 (-10&deg;), for Case R(n). (See Figure 1.5).
along profile 1 (-10°), for Case R(n). (See Figure 1.5).


RnIa1.dat
[[media:AC6-07_Rnla1.dat|RnIa1.dat]]


Normalised static pressure measurements at cross section Ia,
Normalised static pressure measurements at cross section Ia, <br /> along profile 3 ( -80&deg;), for Case R(n). (See Figure 1.5).
along profile 3 ( -80°), for Case R(n). (See Figure 1.5).


RnIa3.dat
[[media:AC6-07_Rnla3.dat|RnIa3.dat]]


<u> </u>


Section Ib
Section Ib


Normalised axial and tangential velocity measurements at cross section Ib,
Normalised axial and tangential velocity measurements at cross section Ib, <br /> along profile 1 (-80&deg;), for Case R(r). (See Figure 1.5).
along profile 1 (-80°), for Case R(r). (See Figure 1.5).
 
[[media:AC6-07_RrIb.dat|RrIb.dat]]


RrIb.dat
Normalised axial and tangential velocity measurements at cross section Ib, <br /> along profile 1 (-80&deg;), for Case R(n). (See Figure 1.5).


Normalised axial and tangential velocity measurements at cross section Ib,
[[media:AC6-07_Rnlb.dat|RnIb.dat]]
along profile 1 (-80°), for Case R(n). (See Figure 1.5).


RnIb.dat
<u><br style="page-break-before: always" clear="all" /></u>


Section II
Section II


Figure 2.9. The axial (contours) and horizontal (vectors) at c.s. II.
{|align="center"
|[[Image:A6-07d30_files_image077.jpg]]
|-
|width=360px|'''Figure 2.9:''' The axial (contours) and horizontal (vectors) velocity components at c.s. II.
|}




Normalised axial and tangential velocity and pressure measurements
Normalised axial and tangential velocity and pressure measurements <br /> at cross section II for Case R(n). (See Figure 1.4).
at cross section II for Case R(n). (See Figure 1.4).


RnII.dat
[[media:AC6-07_Rnll.dat|RnII.dat]]


<u> </u>


Section IVb
Section IVb


Normalised wall pressure measurements along at cross section IVb, for Case R(r).
Normalised wall pressure measurements along at cross section IVb, for Case R(r). <br /> (See Figure 1.4).
(See Figure 1.4).


RrIVb.dat
[[media:AC6-07_RrIVb.dat|RrIVb.dat]]


<u> </u>


Centrelines
Centrelines


Normalised wall pressure measurements along the upper centre line, for Case R(n).
Normalised wall pressure measurements along the upper centre line, for Case R(n). <br /> (See Figure 1.7).
(See Figure 1.7).
 
[[media:AC6-07_RnUcl.dat|RnUcl.dat]]


RnUcl.dat
Normalised wall pressure measurements along the lower centre line, for Case R(n). <br /> (See Figure 1.7).


Normalised wall pressure measurements along the lower centre line, for Case R(n).
[[media:AC6-07_RnLcl.dat|RnLcl.dat]]
(See Figure 1.7).


RnLcl.dat
=== References ===
© ERCOFTAC 2004
References


Andersson U. and R. Karlsson (1999) Quality aspects of the Turbine 99 draft tube experiments In: Proceedings from Turbine 99 workshop on draft tube flow, Technical report, Luleå University of Technology, Sweden
Andersson U. and R. Karlsson (1999) Quality aspects of the Turbine&nbsp;99 draft tube experiments In: Proceedings from Turbine 99&nbsp;&mdash;&nbsp;workshop on draft tube flow, Technical report, Luleå University of Technology, Sweden


Andersson U. (1999) Turbine 99 Experiments On Draft Tube Flow (Test Case T) In: Proceedings from Turbine 99 workshop on draft tube flow, Technical report, Luleå University of Technology, Sweden
Andersson U. (1999) Turbine 99 &mdash; Experiments On Draft Tube Flow (Test Case T) In: Proceedings from Turbine 99 &mdash; workshop on draft tube flow, Technical report, Luleå University of Technology, Sweden


Andersson U. (2000) An experimental study of the flow in a Sharp-Heel Draft Tube, Licentiate Thesis 2000:08, Luleå Unversity of Technology, Sweden
Andersson U. (2000) An experimental study of the flow in a Sharp-Heel Draft Tube, Licentiate Thesis 2000:08, Luleå Unversity of Technology, Sweden


Andersson U. (2003a) Turbine 99 Experiments On Draft Tube Flow (Test Case R) In: Proceedings from Turbine 99 workshop 2 on draft tube flow.
Andersson U. (2003a) Turbine 99 &mdash; Experiments On Draft Tube Flow (Test Case R) In: Proceedings from Turbine 99 &mdash; workshop 2 on draft tube flow.


Andersson U. (2003b) Test Case T some new results and updates since Workshop I. In: Proceedings from Turbine 99 workshop 2 on draft tube flow.
Andersson U. (2003b) Test Case T &mdash; some new results and updates since Workshop I. In: Proceedings from Turbine 99 &mdash; workshop 2 on draft tube flow.


Andersson U. (2003c) Time resolved velocities at the inlet of the draft tube. To be submitted.
Andersson U. (2003c) Time resolved velocities at the inlet of the draft tube. To be submitted.


Gebart B.R., Gustavsson L.H. and Karlsson R.I. (editors) (2000) Proceedings of Turbine-99 Workshop on draft tube flow in Porjus, Sweden, 20-23 June 1999, Technical report , 2000:11 from Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden. ISSN:1402-1536.
Gebart B.R., Gustavsson L.H. and Karlsson R.I. (editors) (2000) Proceedings of Turbine-99 &mdash; Workshop on draft tube flow in Porjus, Sweden, 20-23 June 1999, Technical report , 2000:11 from Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden. ISSN:1402-1536.


Engström, T.F., Gustavsson, L.H., & Karlsson, R.I. (2003), Proceedings of Turbine-99 - Workshop 2. The second ERCOFTAC Workshop on Draft Tube Flow. Älvkarleby, Sweden, June 18-20 2001. Available on the web, http://www.sirius.luth.se/strl/Turbine-99/index.htm.
Engström, T.F., Gustavsson, L.H., &amp; Karlsson, R.I. (2003), ''Proceedings of Turbine-99 - Workshop 2. ''The second ERCOFTAC Workshop on Draft Tube Flow. Älvkarleby, Sweden, June 18-20 2001. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1536/2000/11/index-en.html
<!--
Available on the web, http://www.sirius.luth.se/strl/Turbine-99/index.htm (bad link, DCE 10-03-10).-->


In text called Proc.W2.
In text called Proc.W2.
© copyright ERCOFTAC 2004
 
<font size="-2" color="#888888">© copyright ERCOFTAC 2004</font><br />
----
 


Contributors: Rolf Karlsson - Vattenfall Utveckling AB
Contributors: Rolf Karlsson - Vattenfall Utveckling AB


Site Design and Implementation: Atkins and UniS
 
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Latest revision as of 12:52, 3 May 2018

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Description

Test Data

CFD Simulations

Evaluation

Best Practice Advice




Draft tube

Application Challenge 6-07               © copyright ERCOFTAC 2004


Test Data

Overview of Tests

The data bank consists of data for two main cases. The first case is on-cam i.e. the top-point (T) on the propeller curve (single runner blade angle curve). The second case is off-cam i.e. the right-leg (R) on the propeller curve. Both are conducted at 60 % load, which is close to the best efficiency for the system, and at the same test head (H = 4.5 m).

The measurements were carried out during a period of five years. The model broke during this period and it was not possible to exactly repeat the same conditions after the accident. Therefore the data has been divided into before (r) and after (n), e.g. T(r) in the text (or Tr in file names) refers to the early Case T measurements. A more thorough discussion, that describes the different operational modes, can be found in Andersson (2003a). The (r)-measurements were used as initial conditions for both Turbine 99-workshops, while (n)-measurements are more complete with data at outlet section II and III.

The exact settings of the runner speed, N, and the resulting flow, Q, (i.e. PDPs) and the corresponding unit speeds, N11 and Q11 (i.e. GNDPs), are shown in Table EXP-A. In Figure 2.1 one can see an overview of the relation between the operational modes.

Image596.jpg
Figure 2.1: Sketch of the propeller curve and location of the test cases.

The flow of the draft tube has been studied with visualisations to get an overview of the main flow regimes. LDV has been used at a number of cross sections for velocity measurements. Wall pressure measurements has been performed to evaluate the performance of the draft tube. Figure 1.3 and 1.4 gives a description of the geometric location of each type of measurement. The available data has been listed in Table EXP-B.

In Andersson and Karlsson (1999) and Andersson (2003 a,b) a presentation of the methods used and a thorough discussion of the quality of the experimental data can be found.


Table EXP-A Summary Description of All Test Cases
Name GNDPs PDPs MPs
N11

(√m/60s)

Q11

(√m/s)

ReH

(10-6)

Head

(m)

Flow rate

(m3/s)

Runner speed

(rpm)

Detailed Data DOAPs
EXP 1a

(T(r) - case)

140.4 1.00 4.1 4.5 0.528 595 Cp, U, v, k α, β, S
EXP 1b

(T(n) - case)

140.4 0.98 4.1 4.5 0.522 595 Cp, U, v, k Cpr wall Cpr average

ζ, α, β, S

EXP 2a

(R(r) - case)

140.4 1.03 4.1 4.5 0.548 595 Cp, U, v, k α, β, S
EXP 2b

(R(n) - case)

140.4 1.02 4.1 4.5 0.542 595 Cp, U, v, k Cpr wall Cpr average

ζ, α, β, S



Table EXP-B Summary Description of all Measured Parameters and Available Data Files
Section Ia

Profiles 1 2 3

Section Ib Section II Section III
U V uv Cp Cp dyn U V uv U V uv U V uv
EXP 1a Tick.gif TrIa1.dat Cross.gif Tick.gif TrIb.dat Cross.gif Cross.gif
Tick.gif TrIa2.dat
EXP 1b Tick.gif TnIa1.dat Tick.gif TnIa3.dat Tick.gif TnIb.dat Tick.gif TnII.dat Tick.gif TnIII.dat
EXP 2a Tick.gif RrIa1.dat Cross.gif Tick.gif RrIb.dat Cross.gif Cross.gif
Tick.gif RrIa2.dat
EXP 2b Tick.gif RnIa1.dat Tick.gif RnIa3.dat Tick.gif RnIb.dat Tick.gif RnII.dat Cross.gif
Section Ia W Section IVb W Upper Centre Line Lower Centre Line DOAPS, or other miscellaneous data
Cp Cp Cp Cp
EXP 1a Cross.gif Tick.gif TrIVb.dat Cross.gif Cross.gif Tick.gif TrDOAP.dat
EXP 1b Tick.gif TnIaW.dat Cross.gif Tick.gif TnUcl.dat Tick.gif TnLcl.dat Tick.gif TnDOAP.dat
EXP 2a Cross.gif Tick.gif RrIVb.dat Cross.gif Cross.gif Tick.gif RrDOAP.dat
EXP 2b Cross.gif Cross.gif Tick.gif RnUcl.dat Tick.gif RnLcl.dat Tick.gif RnDOAP.dat


Tick.gif available data

Cross.gif unavailable data

Test case DATA

Description of Experiment

Case T and R are a collection of all experimental data, collected at each operational mode. The setting of GNDPs and PDPs can be found in Table EXP-A for each case. In section 1.4 a description of the geometric location of each type of measurement is given.

This paragraph is followed by a brief description of the available boundary conditions, a presentation of typical measurement errors at each section. After that follows a listing of available data files, first for Case T and second for Case R.

Boundary Data

The velocity measurements at section Ia serve as inlet conditions for the draft tube. These include the axial and the tangential mean and RMS velocity components. However, the radial velocity component is missing. More details can be found Gebart, Gustavsson and Karlsson (2000).

The model walls are painted steel surfaces and the surface roughness is estimated to be in the order of 10 μm, therefore the walls can be considered to be hydraulically smooth with the typical velocities in the experiment. Between model parts there can be discontinuities and weld seams that can cause local losses.

In Andersson (2003c) additional information e.g. about periodic behaviour at the inlet can be found. Also see section 3.2.3. regarding assumptions and settings used and recommended for CFD calculations.

Measurement Errors

In Andersson and Karlsson (1999) a thorough discussion of the quality of the experimental data can be found. Typical results from the evaluation can be seen in Table 1 and 2 (for case T). There is no major difference between case T and R. These are averaged values. The individual error estimation for each raw data value can be found in the supplied raw data files.

Table 2.1: The relative errors (%) in axial / tangential (or horizontal) mean velocity.

C.s. Ia

C.s. Ib

C.s. III

Random error

± 2.0 % / ± 3.5 %

± 2.0 % / ± 3.5 %

± 3.0 % / ± 5.0 %

Velocity bias

(axial component)

< +0.9 %

< + 1.4 %

< + 3.6 %

Probe volume location

± 1 % / ± 1-2 %

± 0.5 % /

± 0.5-5%

± 0.25 % /

± 0.25 %

Leakage

- 2 %

-

-

Symmetry

± 1 % / ± 1.25 %

± 2 % / ± 2.5 %

-

Total error

axial

tangential

x1 < ε < x2
- 4.1 % +1.3 %
- 5.2 % + 3.1 %
x1 < ε < x2
- 2.0 % + 4.3 %
>-5.9 % <+7.9 %
x1 < ε < x2
- 1.5 % + 6.6 %
- 3.5 % + 8.6 %


Table 2.2: Test of internal consistency (Q_int is the flow rate integrated from velocity measurements)

C.s. Ia *

C.s. Ib

C.s. III

Umean [m/s]

3.54

2.44

1.01

Vmean [m/s]

0.82

0.69

0.08

Q_int/Q [ ]

0.97

1.03

1.00

* mean values for the two measured cross sections
 

Measured Data

The raw data files (*.dat, see below) are stored in ASCII-format. If nothing else is specified the format of the files used, is:

Header lines

position(x, y and z-coordinates) mean values rms values error margins

Velocity data is normalised with the mean value of the local average velocity (Q/Area of cross section) and pressure data is normalised with the dynamic pressure at the inlet and the pressure reference level is set to one at section IVb. The data has not been interpolated or otherwise manipulated if nothing else is stated.

In Andersson (1999, 2003a, 2003b) most of the data is presented and the main flow features discussed. (All contributions to Turbine 99-Workshop 2 are collected in the proceedings, Engström et al (2003)).

Exp 1a and 1b: Case T

Derived data:

DOAPs calculated at available cross sections for case T(r): TrDOAP.dat

DOAPs calculated at available cross sections for case T(n): TnDOAP.dat

Visualisations

A number of pictures that describes the flow for Case T. The visualisations have focused on the streamlines close to the wall.

The pictures are stored in jpeg-format.

A6-07d30 files image051.jpg
Figure 2.2: Streamlines close to the wall at the inlet cone.


A. Left view B. Top view
A6-07d30 files image053.jpg A6-07d30 files image055.jpg
C. Right view D. Downstream view (c.s. III)
A6-07d30 files image057.jpg A6-07d30 files image059.jpg
Figure 2.3: Streamlines close to the surface at the elbow and outlet diffuser.


Velocity and pressure measurements:

Section Ia

A6-07d30 files image061.jpg
Figure 2.4: The normalised mean velocity components at profile Ia(1).

Normalised axial and tangential velocity measurements at cross section Ia,
along profile 1 (-10°), for Case T(r). (See Figure 1.5).

TrIa1.dat

Normalised axial and tangential velocity measurements at cross section Ia,
along profile 2 (180°), for Case T(r). (See Figure 1.5).

TrIa2.dat

Normalised axial and tangential velocity and pressure measurements
at cross section Ia, along profile 1 (-10°), for Case T(n). (See Figure 1.5).

TnIa1.dat

Normalised static and dynamic pressure measurements at cross section Ia,
along profile 3 ( -80°), for Case T(n). (See Figure 1.5).

TnIa3.dat

Normalised wall pressure measurements at cross section Ia,
for Case T(n). (See Figure 1.5).

TnIaW.dat

Section Ib

Normalised axial and tangential velocity and pressure measurements
at cross section Ib, along profile 1 (-80°), for Case T(r). (See Figure 1.5).

TrIb.dat

Normalised axial and tangential velocity and pressure measurements
at cross section Ib, along profile 1 (-80°), for Case T(n). (See Figure 1.5).

TnIb.dat

Section II

A6-07d30 files image063.jpg
Figure 2.5: The axial (contours) and horizontal (vectors) velocity components at c.s. II (down stream view).

Normalised axial and tangential velocity and pressure measurements
at cross section II for Case T(n). (See Figure 1.4).

TnII.dat

Section III

Normalised axial and tangential velocity and pressure measurements
at cross section III, for Case T(n). (See Figure 1.4).

TnIII.dat

Section IVb

Normalised wall pressure measurements at cross section IVb, for Case T(r).
(See Figure 1.4).

TrIVb.dat

Centrelines

Normalised wall pressure measurements along the upper centre line,
for Case T(n). (See Figure 1.7).

TnUcl.dat

Normalised wall pressure measurements along the lower centre line,
for Case T(n). (See Figure 1.7).

TnLcl.dat

Exp 2a and 2b Case R

Derived data:

DOAPs calculated at available cross sections for case R(r).

RrDOAP.dat

DOAPs calculated at available cross sections for case R(n).

RnDOAP.dat

Visualisations:

A number of pictures that describe the flow for Case R. The visualisations have focused on the streamlines close to the wall.

The pictures are stored in jpeg-format.


A6-07d30 files image065.jpg
Figure 2.6: Streamlines close to the wall at the inlet cone.


A. Left view B. Top view
A6-07d30 files image067.jpg A6-07d30 files image069.jpg
C. Right view D. Downstream view (c.s. III)
A6-07d30 files image071.jpg A6-07d30 files image073.jpg
Figure 2.7: Surface streamlines at the elbow and the first part of outlet diffuser.

Velocity and pressure measurements:

Section Ia

A6-07d30 files image075.jpg
Figure 2.8: The normalised mean velocity components at profile Ia(1).


Normalised axial and tangential velocity measurements at cross section Ia,
along profile 1 (-10°), for Case R(r). (See Figure 1.5).

RrIa1.dat

Normalised axial and tangential velocity measurements at cross section Ia,
along profile 2 (180°), for Case R(r). (See Figure 1.5).

RrIa2.dat

Normalised axial and tangential velocity measurements at cross section Ia,
along profile 1 (-10°), for Case R(n). (See Figure 1.5).

RnIa1.dat

Normalised static pressure measurements at cross section Ia,
along profile 3 ( -80°), for Case R(n). (See Figure 1.5).

RnIa3.dat

Section Ib

Normalised axial and tangential velocity measurements at cross section Ib,
along profile 1 (-80°), for Case R(r). (See Figure 1.5).

RrIb.dat

Normalised axial and tangential velocity measurements at cross section Ib,
along profile 1 (-80°), for Case R(n). (See Figure 1.5).

RnIb.dat


Section II

A6-07d30 files image077.jpg
Figure 2.9: The axial (contours) and horizontal (vectors) velocity components at c.s. II.


Normalised axial and tangential velocity and pressure measurements
at cross section II for Case R(n). (See Figure 1.4).

RnII.dat

Section IVb

Normalised wall pressure measurements along at cross section IVb, for Case R(r).
(See Figure 1.4).

RrIVb.dat

Centrelines

Normalised wall pressure measurements along the upper centre line, for Case R(n).
(See Figure 1.7).

RnUcl.dat

Normalised wall pressure measurements along the lower centre line, for Case R(n).
(See Figure 1.7).

RnLcl.dat

References

Andersson U. and R. Karlsson (1999) Quality aspects of the Turbine 99 draft tube experiments In: Proceedings from Turbine 99 — workshop on draft tube flow, Technical report, Luleå University of Technology, Sweden

Andersson U. (1999) Turbine 99 — Experiments On Draft Tube Flow (Test Case T) In: Proceedings from Turbine 99 — workshop on draft tube flow, Technical report, Luleå University of Technology, Sweden

Andersson U. (2000) An experimental study of the flow in a Sharp-Heel Draft Tube, Licentiate Thesis 2000:08, Luleå Unversity of Technology, Sweden

Andersson U. (2003a) Turbine 99 — Experiments On Draft Tube Flow (Test Case R) In: Proceedings from Turbine 99 — workshop 2 on draft tube flow.

Andersson U. (2003b) Test Case T — some new results and updates since Workshop I. In: Proceedings from Turbine 99 — workshop 2 on draft tube flow.

Andersson U. (2003c) Time resolved velocities at the inlet of the draft tube. To be submitted.

Gebart B.R., Gustavsson L.H. and Karlsson R.I. (editors) (2000) Proceedings of Turbine-99 — Workshop on draft tube flow in Porjus, Sweden, 20-23 June 1999, Technical report , 2000:11 from Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden. ISSN:1402-1536.

Engström, T.F., Gustavsson, L.H., & Karlsson, R.I. (2003), Proceedings of Turbine-99 - Workshop 2. The second ERCOFTAC Workshop on Draft Tube Flow. Älvkarleby, Sweden, June 18-20 2001. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1536/2000/11/index-en.html

In text called Proc.W2.

© copyright ERCOFTAC 2004



Contributors: Rolf Karlsson - Vattenfall Utveckling AB


Front Page

Description

Test Data

CFD Simulations

Evaluation

Best Practice Advice