CFD Simulations AC3-10: Difference between revisions

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{{AC|front=AC 3-10|description=Description_AC3-10|testdata=Test Data_AC3-10|cfdsimulations=CFD Simulations_AC3-10|evaluation=Evaluation_AC3-10|qualityreview=Quality Review_AC3-10|bestpractice=Best Practice Advice_AC3-10|relatedUFRs=Related UFRs_AC3-10}}
='''Combining/dividing flow in Y junction'''=
='''Combining/dividing flow in Y junction'''=


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Site Design and Implementation: [[Atkins]] and [[UniS]]
Site Design and Implementation: [[Atkins]] and [[UniS]]
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{{AC|front=AC 3-10|description=Description_AC3-10|testdata=Test Data_AC3-10|cfdsimulations=CFD Simulations_AC3-10|evaluation=Evaluation_AC3-10|qualityreview=Quality Review_AC3-10|bestpractice=Best Practice Advice_AC3-10|relatedUFRs=Related UFRs_AC3-10}}

Revision as of 10:23, 19 March 2009

Front Page

Description

Test Data

CFD Simulations

Evaluation

Best Practice Advice

Combining/dividing flow in Y junction

Application Challenge 3-10 © copyright ERCOFTAC 2004


Overview of CFD Simulations

The commercially-available CFD code CFX4, version 4.3, has been used.


The boundaries of the CFD model are the pressure tapping planes on each leg, located 0.457 metres from the ‘eye’ of the Y-junction. The geometry is available as an IGES file Yjunc.igs, and is also shown in plan view in Figure 6.


CFD calculations have been performed at a Reynolds number of 1.2x107, for both converging and diverging flow (corresponding to rig tests ‘D’ and ‘H’).


Two meshes were constructed, differing only in the mesh resolution near the wall. These are illustrated in Figures 7 to 10.


In the ‘coarse’ mesh, the 2.176 mm thick layer adjacent to the wall was divided into three equal cells of thickness 0.725 mm. The total number of cells in this mesh was 140,544.


In the ‘fine’ mesh, this 2.176 mm thick layer was divided into 8 cells, with an expansion ratio of 1.29171, so that the thickness of the cell nearest the wall was 0.1 mm, and the thickness of the eighth cell was 0.6 mm. The total number of cells in this mesh was 179,584.



Simulation Case

Solution strategy

The default settings of the CFX4 solver were used throughout, as listed below:


Parameter Equation Solver Differencing Scheme
u velocity Block Stone Hybrid
v velocity Block Stone Hybrid
w velocity Block Stone Hybrid
pressure Pre-conditioned Conjungate Gradient Central
k Line Solver Hybrid
epsilon Line Solver Hybrid



Computational Domain

The ‘coarse’ and ‘fine’ meshes were used, and the computational domain extended for a distance of 0.457 m from the eye of the Y-junction, along each branch. Upstream geometry was not modelled, and its effects were ignored.


Boundary Conditions

‘Mass flow boundaries’ were employed at all three legs of the Y-junction, and the flow rates were specified, i.e. any flows entering the domain were assumed to be fully developed (Neumann boundary condition). The inlet velocity profiles and turbulence parameters were therefore not specified directly – they were calculated by the code, and were those appropriate to fully developed flow in a circular pipe.


The walls of the pipe were assumed to be perfectly smooth, and standard wall functions were employed. Both the ‘k-epsilon’ and ‘differential stress’ turbulence models were examined.


Application of Physical Models

Numerical Accuracy

The computer runs were continued until the solution residuals were no longer decreasing.

Reductions of 4 or 5 orders of magnitude were obtained.


CFD Results

‘coarse’ mesh with ‘k-epsilon’ turbulence model:

case P1 (Pa) P2 (Pa) P3 (Pa)


D1 79.3 34292.9 34292.9

D2 83.8 37514.7 29704.3

D3 111.1 39869.0 23799.6

D4 156.6 41022.7 15315.8

D5 201.9 40188.5 3039.3

D6 241.0 35193.8 -15266.5

D7 412.3 24102.3 -43125.9

D8 586.2 5315.6 -80876.0

D9 669.1 -25969.7 -141872.3

H1 -10.0 3088 3088

H2 -10.0 11089.5 -5635.2

H3 -10.0 18941.8 -16041.8

H4 -10.0 27100.8 -29534.6

H5 -9.9 34728.1 -46696.3

H6 -9.9 41525.8 -69179.9

H7 -9.9 45737.9 -99184.1

H8 -10.0 45761.5 -141445.2

H9 -9.9 39479.6 -201817.3


‘fine’ mesh with ‘k-epsilon’ turbulence model:


case P1 (Pa) P2 (Pa) P3 (Pa)


D1 65.4 34592.1 34592.1

D2 68.6 37767.6 30047.6

D3 93.7 40018.7 24246.7

D4 137.4 40986.8 15936.5

D5 176.6 39773.6 3951.6

D6 213.2 34421.6 -14040.4

D7 364.9 22843.1 -41507.4

D8 527.0 3183.8 -79285.7

D9 624.3 -28783.6 -140314.4

H1 -10.1 2823.1 2823.1

H2 -10.1 10815.4 -5891.2

H3 -10.1 18664.6 -16311.6

H4 -10.1 26814.8 -29821.4

H5 -10.0 34415.0 -46999.5

H6 -10.0 41140.9 -69512.1

H7 -10.0 45292.9 -99600.5

H8 -10.1 45228.9 -142007.1

H9 -10.0 38918.6 -202729.4



‘coarse’ mesh with ‘differential stress’ turbulence model:


case P1 (Pa) P2 (Pa) P3 (pa)


D1 36.2 40285.3 40285.3

D2 35.1 43565.7 35536.3

D3 74.9 45817.0 29651.8

D4 157.5 46790.8 21241.4

D5 275.1 45653.5 9137.9

D6 375.0 40520.1 -8844.4

D7 523.3 29599.0 -35945.7

D8 718.8 10976.4 -72959.6

D9 888.9 -17818.0 -131989.0

H1 -145.0 -1614.0 -1614.0

H2 -145.5 6734.7 -10751.2

H3 -145.2 14984.9 -21617.0

H4 -145.6 23625.0 -35743.8

H5 -144.5 31899.1 -53636.4

H6 -144.7 39541.4 -77114.4

H7 -144.4 44924.1 -108445.8

H8 -145.2 46469.6 -152640.8

H9 -144.3 41696.3 -214698.4


‘fine’ mesh with ‘differential stress’ turbulence model:


case P1 (Pa) P2 (Pa) P3 (Pa)


D1 89.3 39780.1 39780.1

D2 88.8 42803.3 35309.6

D3 128.4 44798.6 29755.0

D4 213.0 45525.1 21753.9

D5 332.0 44189.1 10198.0

D6 399.2 38997.6 -6925.8

D7 537.2 27815.0 -33068.9

D8 747.4 8670.7 -69283.4

D9 918.2 -20644.6 -127872.3

H1 -145.5 -1648.1 -1648.1

H2 -145.9 6652.6 -10735.2

H3 -145.6 14791.9 -21513.9

H4 -146.1 23284.9 -35535.7

H5 -145.0 31363.9 -53325.9

H6 -145.2 38668.3 -76656.2

H7 -144.9 43462.0 -107774.1

H8 -145.6 44415.9 -151711.1

H9 -144.9 39438.9 -213667.7


© copyright ERCOFTAC 2004


Contributors: Alan Stevens - Rolls-Royce Marine Power, Engineering & Technology Division

Site Design and Implementation: Atkins and UniS


Front Page

Description

Test Data

CFD Simulations

Evaluation

Best Practice Advice